Hemangiosarcoma associated with Chemodectoma in an Old Pit Bull Bitch
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.102583Abstract
Background: The prevalence of neoplasms in domestic animals has been augmenting over the years. Hemangiosarcoma, which most frequently affects large breed dogs, is a neoplasm with high metastatic power and corresponds to 5% of malignant neoplasms. Chemodectoma, a neoplasm that can have malignant or benign behavior, is uncommon, corresponding to less than 8% of all cardiac tumors, and originates from cardiac chemoreceptor cells and involves mainly the aortic and carotid bodies. The aim of this study is to describe the case of an elderly Pit Bull dog with hepatic hemangiosarcoma and chemodectoma associated with four other different tumors: hemangioma, papilloma, mastocitoma and melanoma.
Case: A 14-year-old female Pit Bull, castrated, was presented to Veterinary Clinic of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Curitibanos Campus, Brazil. The owner referred apathy, hyporexia, and increased abdominal volume for two weeks. Physical examination showed emaciation and abdominal effusion. Abdominocentesis was performed, three liters of serosanguineous fluid was drained and a sample was sent for analysis. Complementary tests were requested and showed mild hypoalbuminemia, normocytic normochromic anemia, and lymphopenia. The ultrasound examination revealed thickening of vessels and hepatomegaly, in addition to the presence of an oval structure containing hyperechogenic cavitations. Diagnostic exploratory laparotomy was indicated, but the owner refused. Drug therapy was prescribed in a palliative manner and, during the clinical follow-up period, two abdominocentesis procedures and one thoracentesis procedure were performed, both resulting in simple transudate. Finally, the patient developed severe apathy, edema in all limbs, and died at home. Necroscopic examination was done and revealed hemoperitoneum and hemothorax; several nodules with diverse characteristics in the integument were noted, which were classified by histopathological analysis as follicular cyst, papilloma, cavernous hemangioma, mastocytoma, and melanoma. The histological sections of the liver sample showed hemangiosarcoma and those of the urinary bladder showed hemangiosarcoma metastases. In the heart, a nodule was found at the base of the aorta, which was characterized as chemodectoma. Besides that, there was myxomatous mitral valve degeneration. The necropsy report indicated that the cause of death was hypovolemic shock associated with complications from multiple tumors, particularly hepatic hemangiosarcoma and chemodectoma.
Discussion: Hemangiosarcoma is a malignant tumor with invasive behavior. The patient was an elderly Pit Bull dog, a breed not described as being predisposed to this type of tumor. Similarly to other reports in the literature, there was abdominal effusion with rapid and recurrent evolution, progressive weight loss, and metastases in the urinary bladder. It is believed that thoracic effusion, limb edema, and hepatic venous congestion were probably caused by chemodectoma owing to right-sided congestive heart failure. Although not related to the cause of death of this patient, the presence of tumors like papilloma, mastocytoma, melanoma, and hemangioma is noteworthy because the canine had a total of six different types of neoplasms, rarely reported in Pit Bull dogs. This work emphasizes the importance of necroscopic evaluation, which, in this case, was essential for the definitive diagnosis.
Downloads
References
Alonso F.H., Bulla C. & Paes P.R.O. 2019. Canine cavitary effusion: a retrospective study of 304 cases in Brazil. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia. 71(3): 869-877. DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10727.
Ayele L., Mohammed C. & Yimer L. 2017. Review on Diagnostic Cytology: Techniques and Applications in Veterinary Medicine. Journal of Veterinary Science & Technology. 08(1): 1-10. DOI: 10.4172/2157-7579.1000408.
Bedoya S.A.O. 2019. Estudo retrospectivo de neoplasias melanocíticas cutâneas espontâneas em cães: Caracterização histopatológica, morfométrica e sequenciamento de tp53. 94f. Viçosa, MG. Tese (Doutorado) - Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
Berselli M. 2011. Estudo da incidência, identificação e parâmetros prognósticos dos Hemangiomas e Hemangiossarcomas em animais de companhia. 77f. Pelotas, RS. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas.
Braz P.H., Haniu A.E.C.J., Souza A.I. & Brum K.B. 2017. Epidemiologia do mastocitoma em cães em uma região do Mato Grosso do Sul. Pubvet. 11(10): 1002-1007. DOI: 10.22256/PUBVET.V11N10.1002-1007.
Cooper B.J., Valentine B.A. 2017. Tumors of Muscle. In: Meuten D.J. (Ed). Tumors in Domestic Animals. 5th edn. Ames: Wiley Blackwell, pp.425-466.
Cullen J.M. 2017. Tumors of the Liver and Gallbladder. In: Meuten D.J. (Ed). Tumors in Domestic Animals. 5th edn. Ames: Wiley Blackwell, pp.602-631.
Ehrhart N., Ehrhart E.J., Willis J., Sisson D., Constable P., Greenfield C., Manfra-Maretta S. & Hintermeister J. 2002. Analysis of factors affecting survival in dogs with aortic body tumors. Veterinary Surgery. 31(1): 44-48. DOI: 10.1053/jvet.2002.29989.
Fernandes S.C. & De Nardi A.B. 2016. Hemangiossarcomas. In: Daleck C.R. & De Nardi A.B. (Eds). Oncologia em Cães e Gatos. 2.ed. Rio de Janeiro: Roca, pp.776-796.
Flores M.M., Panziera W., Kommers G.D., Irigoyen L.F., Barros C.S.L. & Fighera R.A. 2012. Aspectos epidemiológicos e anatomopatológicos do hemagiossarcoma em cães: 40 casos (1965-2012). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira. 32(12): 1319-1328. DOI: 10.1590/S0100-736X2012001200017.
Grandi F. & Rondelli M.H. 2016. Neoplasias cutâneas. In: Daleck C.R. & De Nardi A.B. (Eds). Oncologia em Cães e Gatos. 2.ed. Rio de Janeiro: Roca, pp.501-540.
Kim D.Y., Royal A.B. & Villamil J.A. 2009. Disseminated melanoma in a dog with involvement of leptomeninges and bone marrow. Veterinary Pathology. 46(1): 80-83. DOI: 10.1354/vp.46-1-80.
Kiupel M. 2017. Mast Cell Tumors. In: Meuten D.J. (Ed). Tumors in Domestic Animals. 5th edn. Ames: Wiley Blackwell, pp.176-202.
Moroz L.R. & Schweigert A. 2007. Hemangiossarcoma em Cão. Campo Digit@l. 2(1): 50-55.
Pastor J. 2002. Canine hemangiosarcoma. In: 27 WSAVA Congress (Granada, Espanha). Disponível em: https://www.vin.com/apputil/content/defaultadv1.aspx?pId=11147&id=3846251.
Patnaik A., Ehler W. & Macewen E. 1984. Canine cutaneous mast cell tumor: morphologic grading and survival times in 83 dogs. Veterinary Pathology. 21:469-474. DOI: 10.1177%2F030098588402100503.
Pedro B., Linney C., Navarro-Cubas X., Stephenson H., Dukes-McEwan J., Gelzer A.R. & Kraus M.S. 2016. Cytological diagnosis of cardiac masses with ultrasound guided fine needle aspirates. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology. 18(1): 47-56. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2015.09.002.
Roth L. 2001. Comparison of Liver Cytology and Biopsy Diagnoses in Dogs and Cats: 56 Cases. Veterinary Clinical Pathology. 30(1): 35-38. DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2001.tb00254.x.
Salomão M.C., Mattos A.S., Lucena A.R., Leite J.S., Mello M.F.V. & Ferreira A.M.R. 2012. Tumor de arco aórtico em cão (Canis familiaris) - relato de caso. Veterinária e Zootecnia. 19(1): 107-109.
Santos I.F.C., Cardoso J.M.M., Oliveira K.C., Laisse C.J.M. & Bessa S.A.T. 2013. Prevalência de neoplasias diagnosticadas em cães no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Moçambique. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia. 65(3): 773-782. DOI: 10.1590/S0102-09352013000300025
Soares N.P., Medeiros A.A., Szabó M.P.J., Guimarães E.C., Fernandes L.G. & Santos T.R. 2017. Hemangiomas e Hemangiossarcomas em cães: estudo retrospectivo de 192 casos (2002-2014). Ciência Animal Brasileira. 18: 1-10. DOI: 10.1590 / 1809-6891v18e-30889.
Sousa M.G. & De Andrade J.N.B.M. 2016. Neoplasias Cardíacas. In: Daleck C.R. & De Nardi A.B. (Eds). Oncologia em Cães e Gatos. 2.ed. Rio de Janeiro: Roca, pp.491-497.
Shor S., Helfand S.C., Gorman E. & Lohr C.V. 2009. Diagnostic Exercise: Epithelioid Hemangiosarcoma Mimicking Metastatic Prostatic Neoplasia in a Dog. Veterinary Pathology. 46(3): 548-552. DOI: 10.1354/vp.08-VP-0245-L-DEX.
Smith AN. 2003. Hemangiosarcoma in dog and cats. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 33(3): 533-552. DOI: 10.1016/s0195-5616(03)00002-0.
Teixeira L. 2011. Diagnóstico citológico de neoplasias hepatobiliares em cães atendidos no hospital de clínicas veterinárias (HCV-UFRGS) no período de 2005 a 2010. 70f. Porto Alegre, RS. Monografia (Especialização) - Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.
Vieira L.C. & Poggiani S.S.C. 2012. Papilomatose canina. PUBVET. 6(16): 1-17.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This journal provides open access to all of its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. Such access is associated with increased readership and increased citation of an author's work. For more information on this approach, see the Public Knowledge Project and Directory of Open Access Journals.
We define open access journals as journals that use a funding model that does not charge readers or their institutions for access. From the BOAI definition of "open access" we take the right of users to "read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles" as mandatory for a journal to be included in the directory.
La Red y Portal Iberoamericano de Revistas Científicas de Veterinaria de Libre Acceso reúne a las principales publicaciones científicas editadas en España, Portugal, Latino América y otros países del ámbito latino