Arterial Vascularization of the Base of the Brain in Galea (Galea spixii)

Authors

  • Herson da Silva Costa Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró, RN, Brazil.
  • Radan Elvis Matias de Oliveira M.V. do Projeto Cetáceos da Costa Branca, Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró.
  • Ferdinando Vinicius Fernandes Bezerra Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró, RN, Brazil.
  • Gleidson Benevides de Oliveira Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró, RN, Brazil.
  • Moacir Franco de Oliveira Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró, RN, Brazil.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.80042

Keywords:

arterial circuit, vertebro-basilar system, carotid system, rodent, central nervous system.

Abstract

Background: Galea (Galea spixii) are rodents which are especially distributed in the northeastern region of Brazil, and have economic importance as their meat is used as a source of protein by the regional population.  Currently, they have received attention from researchers in studies involving their morphology. Thus, seeking to contribute information that supports their sanitary management in addition to the lack of literature on their nervous system, our objective was to describe the arterial vascularization of the base of the brain in this species, in order to identify the arterial pattern and arterial circuit behavior, as well as possible variations in these vessels.

Materials, Methods & Results: Brains were obtained from 20 animals (10 males and 10 females) aged between 11 and 12 months, obtained from the Wild Animal Multiplication Center (CEMAS) of the Federal Rural Semi-Arid University (UFERSA), under the approval of CEUA/UFERSA (case number 23.091.000653/2014-26 and opinion number 15/2014), euthanized according to anesthetic protocol recommended for rodents (resolution number 714/2002 of the CFMV/ UFERSA) and preserved frozen in a freezer for an average period of 30 days. The animals were thawed and a longitudinal incision was performed in the thoracic region to allow exposure of the aortic arch. Next, they were cannulated in the cranial direction and injected with Noprene Latex “650” stained with water-based white or red pigment. The animals were subsequently fixed in 3.7% aqueous formaldehyde solution for 48 h, and soon after the brain skull cap was dissected and removed, which was then analyzed, photographed and sketched. Of the 20 animals evaluated, 100% presented vertebrobasilar system responsible for encephalic irrigation of the rostral and caudal regions, and anastomosis of the left internal carotid artery was found in only one case (female) (5%), irrigating the rostral region of the encephalon together with the vertebro-basilar system. In the most frequently found arrangement, the unpaired main arteries present at the base of the brain included: ventral spinal, basilar, medial branch of the rostrais cerebral arteries, medial rostral inter-hemisphere; and the pairs: vertebral, cerebellar caudal, middle cerebellar, trigeminal, rostral cerebellar, rostral tectal, caudal cerebral, pituitary, internal ophthalmic, middle cerebral, rostral cerebral, lateral olfactory bulb and internal ethmoid. Arterial circuit formation was observed as being geometrically similar to a complete, closed and elongated hexagon in the caudal-rostral direction, bypassing the mammillary body, the cinereous tuft and the optic chiasm.

Discussion: The study of the nervous system, especially on identification of the arteries responsible for supplying the brain is relevant, especially when it comes to a wild species such as in galea considering that little is known about their morphology, and also because it can be used as a model in clinical and surgical studies related to the nervous system. Based on the analyzed animals, we conclude that the arterial vascularization of the base of the brain in galea is type III, similar to the findings in other species of rodents such as in otters and porcupines; and differing from those described for agoutis and mice-moles. The arterial circuit of galea is complete and closed like those described for the agouti and the European beaver, yet differing from that observed for otters and chinchillas which have an open circuit.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Araújo A.C.P. & Campos R. 2005. A systematic study of the brain base arteries and their blood supply sources in the chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera - Molina 1782). Brazilian Journal of Morphological Sciences. 22(4): 221-232.

Ashwini C.A., Shubha R. & Jayanthi K.S. 2008. Comparative anatomy of the circle of Willis in man, cow, sheep, goat, and pig. Neuroanatomy. 7: 54-65.

Aydin A., Yilmaz S., Dinc G., Ozdemir D. & Karan M. 2005. The morphology of circulus arteriosus cerebri in the porcupine (Hystrix cristata). Veterinary Medicine Czech. 50(3): 131-135.

Aydin A., Yilmaz S., Ozkan Z.E. & Ilgün R. 2008. Morphological Investigations on the Circulus Arteriosus Cerebri in Mole -Rats (Spalax leucodon). Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia. 37(3): 219-222.

Aydin A. 2008. The morphology of circulus arteriosus cerebri in the red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris). Veterinarni Medicina. 53(5): 272-276.

Azambuja R.C.D. 2007. Sistematização das artérias da base do encéfalo e suas fontes de suprimento sangüíneo em nutria (Myocastor coypus). Acta Scientiae Veterinariae. 35(2): 277-278.

Barreiro J.R., Carvalho A.F., Franciolli A.L.R., Ferreira G.J.B.C., Ferreira J.R., Ambrosio C.E. & Miglino M.A. 2012. Morfologia dos vasos da base do encéfalo do quati (Nasua nasua). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira. 32(6): 567-572.

Bonvicino C.R., Oliveira J.A. & D’andrea P.S. 2008. Guia dos Roedores do Brasil, com chaves para gêneros baseadas em caracteres externos. Rio de Janeiro: Centro Pan-Americano de Febre Aftosa - OPAS/OMS, 120p.

De Vriese B. 1905. Sur la signification morphologique des artères cérébrales. Archives de Biologie. 21: 357-457.

Frąckowiak H. & Śmiełowski J. 1998. Cephalic arteries in the European beaver Castor fiber. Acta Theriologica. 43(2): 219-224.

Gomes M.S., Hernandez J.M.F., Alonso L.S. & Figueiredo M.A. 2012. Morfologia e ramos principais da artéria basilar em gatos. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária. 34(3): 206-212.

International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature (NAV). 2012. Nomina Anatomica Veterinária (NAV). 5th edn. Hannover, Columbia (Mo), Ghent & Sapporo: The editorial Committee, 177p.

König H.E. & Liebich H.G. 2011. Anatomia dos animais domésticos: texto e atlas colorido. Porto Alegre, Artmed. 788p.

Lima E.M.M., Prada I.L.S., Silva F.O.C., Severino R.S., Santos A.L.Q., Drummond S.S. & Rodrigues G.S. 2006. Estudo anatômico das artérias da base do encéfalo em gatos. Ars Veterinaria. 22(1): 001-007.

Lima E.M.M., Prada I.L.S., Silva F.O.C., Severino R.S., Santos A.L.Q., Borges B.O., Paim T.P. & Vianna A.R.C.B. 2010. Sistematização da origem, da distribuição e dos territórios da artéria cerebral caudal na superfície do encéfalo em gatos. Ciência Rural. 40(9): 1961-1965.

Lima A.R., Pereira L.C. & Branco E. 2013. Anatomia do circuito arterial do encéfalo em Tamanduá-mirim. Ciência Rural. 43(2): 277-282.

Mendes B.V. 1987. Plantas e animais para o Nordeste. Rio de Janeiro: Globo, 167p.

Moojen J. 1952. Os roedores do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, 214p.

Pais D., Arantes M., Casal D., Casimiro M. & O’neill J.G. 2009. Brain stem arteries in Canis familiaris - implications in experimental procedures. Brazilian Journal of Morphological Sciences. 26: 8-11.

Reckziegel S.H., Lindemann T. & Campos R. 2001. A systematic study of the brain base arteries in capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris). Brazilian Journal of Morphological Sciences. 18(2): 103-110.

Silva R.S.B., Oliveira G.B., Oliveira Junior C.M., Bezerra F.V.F., Câmara F.V., Oliveira R.E.M. & Oliveira M.F. 2016. Arterial vascularization of the brain of the agouti (Dasyprocta aguti Linnaeus, 1766). Semina: Ciências Agrárias. 37(2): 773-784.

Souza F. & Campos R. 2013. A systematic study of the brain base arteries in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira. 33(6): 796-806.

Published

2017-01-01

How to Cite

Costa, H. da S., Oliveira, R. E. M. de, Bezerra, F. V. F., Oliveira, G. B. de, & Oliveira, M. F. de. (2017). Arterial Vascularization of the Base of the Brain in Galea (Galea spixii). Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 45(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.80042

Issue

Section

Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)